NOVOMEDLINK™
  1. Activella®

    (estradiol/norethindrone acetate tablets)

  2. Vagifem®

    (estradiol vaginal tablets)

  3. GlucaGen® HypoKit®

    (glucagon [rDNA Origin] for injection)

  4. Levemir®

    (insulin detemir [rDNA origin] injection)

  5. Norditropin®

    (somatropin (rDNA origin) injection)

  6. NovoLog®

    (Insulin aspart [rDNA origin] injection)

  7. NovoLog® Mix 70/30

    (70% insulin aspart protamine suspension and 30% insulin aspart injection, [rDNA origin])

  8. NovoSeven®

    (Coagulation Factor VIIa [Recombinant])

references

  1. Data on file. Novo Nordisk Inc, Princeton, NJ.
  2. IMS Health Inc. IMS MIDAS (12 months ending September 2007).
  3. Levemir® [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk Inc; 2005.
  4. Rašlová K, Bogoev M, Raz I, Leth G, Gall M-A, Hâncu N. Insulin detemir and insulin aspart: a promising basal-bolus regimen for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004;66(2):193-201.
  5. Danne T, Endahl L, Haahr H, et al. Lower within-subject variability in pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin detemir in comparison to insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes [abstract]. European Association for the Study of Diabetes 43rd Annual Meeting, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-21, 2007.
  6. Home P, Bartley P, Russell-Jones D; on behalf of the Study to Evaluate the Administration of Detemir Insulin Efficacy, Safety and Suitability (STEADINESS) Study Group. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1081-1087.
  7. Dornhorst A, Lüddeke HJ, Sreenan S, et al. Safety and efficacy of insulin detemir in clinical practice: 14-week follow-up data from type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in the PREDICTIVE European cohort. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(3):523-528.
  8. Kurtzhals P. Engineering predictability and protraction in a basal insulin analogue: the pharmacology of insulin detemir. Int J Obes. 2004;28(suppl 2):S23-S28.
  9. Heise T, Nosek L, Rønn BB, et al. Lower within-subject variability of insulin detemir in comparison to NPH insulin and insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(6):1614-1620.
  10. Meneghini L, Koenen C, Rojas P. Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes using a simplified self-adjusted dosing guideline—results of the PREDICTIVE™ 303 study. Oral presentation presented at American Diabetes Association 67th Annual Sessions, June 22-26, 2007, Chicago, IL. Oral presentation 197.
  11. Meneghini LF, Rosenberg KH, Koenen C, Meriläinen MJ, Luddeke HJ. Insulin detemir improves glycaemic control with less hypoglycaemia and no weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes who were insulin naive or treated with NPH or insulin glargine: clinical practice experience from a German subgroup of the PREDICTIVE study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9(3):418-427.
  12. Hermansen K, Davies M, Derezinski T, Ravn GM, Clauson P, Home P, for the Levemir Treat-to-Target Study Group. A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(6):1269-1274.
  13. Data on file. NDA21-536. Novo Nordisk Inc, Princeton, NJ.
  14. Niskanen L, Jensen LE, Råstam J, Nygaard-Pedersen L, Erichsen K, Vora JP. Randomized, multinational, open-label, 2-period, crossover comparison of biphasic insulin aspart 30 and biphasic insulin lispro 25 and pen devices in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2004;26(4):531-540.
  15. American College of Endocrinology. ACE road map. http://www.aace.com/meetings/consensus/odimplementation/roadmap.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2007.
  16. Polonsky KS, Given BD, Hirsch LJ, et al. Abnormal patterns of insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(19):1231-1239.
  17. Korytkowski M, Bell D, Jacobsen C, Suwannasari R, for the FlexPen Study Team. A multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, two-period crossover trial of preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of a prefilled, disposable pen and conventional vial/syringe for insulin injection in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2003;25(11):2836-2848.
  18. IMS Health Inc. IMS MIDAS (Q1 2007, worldwide report).
  19. Graff MR, McClanahan MA. Assessment by patients with diabetes mellitus of two insulin pen delivery systems versus a vial and syringe. Clin Ther. 1998;20(3):486-496.
  20. Klein O, Lynge J, Endahl L, Damholt B, Nosek L, Heise T. Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344): comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9(3):290-299.
  21. Philis-Tsimikas A, Charpentier G, Clauson P, Ravn GM, Roberts VL, Thorsteinsson B. Comparison of once-daily insulin detemir with NPH insulin added to a regimen of oral antidiabetic drugs in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 2006;28:1569-1581.
  22. Selam J-L, Koenien C, Rojas P, Meneghini L. Self-tirtrated insulin detemir helps insulin-naïve patients to achieve glycemic targets. Poster presented at American Diabetes Association 67th Annual Sessions, June 22-26, 2007, Chicago, IL. Poster 2259.
  23. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. State of Diabetes in America™. www.aace.com/public/awareness/stateofdiabetes/. Accessed October 25, 2007.
  24. Koro CE, Bowlin SJ, Bourgeois N, Fedder DO. Glycemic control from 1988 to 2000 among U.S. adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary report. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):17-20.
  25. Brange J, Vølund A. Insulin analogs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1999;35(2-3):307-335.
  26. Raskin P, Guthrie RA, Leiter L, Riis A, Jovanovic L. Use of insulin aspart, a fast-acting insulin analog, as the mealtime insulin in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(5):583-588.
  27. Data on file. Novo Nordisk Inc, Princeton, NJ.
  28. Heller SR, Colagiuri S, Vaaler S, et al. Hypoglycaemia with insulin aspart: a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004;21(7):769-775.
  29. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil AW, et al, on behalf of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(August 12):405-412.
  30. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
  31. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2006. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(suppl 1):S4-S42.
  32. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus: the AACE system of intensive diabetes self-management—2002 update. http://www.aace.com/pub/pdf/guidelines/diabetes_2002.pdf. Accessed January 13, 2006.
  33. Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA1c. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(26):881-885.
  34. American Diabetes Association. Intensive Diabetes Management. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association; 2003.
  35. Bode B, Weinstein R, Bell D, et al. Comparison of insulin aspart with buffered regular insulin and insulin lispro in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a randomized study in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(3):439-444.
  36. Raskin P, Bode B, Marks JB, et al. Insulin aspart (IAsp) is as effective in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as in multiple daily injections for patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2001;50(suppl 2):A128. Abstract 515P.
  37. Bode BW, Strange P. Efficacy, safety, and pump compatibility of insulin aspart used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(1):69-72.
  38. Hirsch IB, Bergenstal RM, Parkin CG, Wright E Jr, Buse JB. A real-world approach to insulin therapy in primary care practice. Clin Diabetes. 2005;23(2):78-86.
  39. Weyer C, Heise T, Heinemann L. Insulin aspart in a 30/70 premixed formulation: pharmacodynamic properties of a rapid-acting insulin analog in stable mixture. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(10):1612-1614.
  40. Garber AJ, Wahlen J, Wahl T, et al. Attainment of glycaemic goals in type 2 diabetes with once-, twice-, or thrice-daily dosing with biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (the 1-2-3 study). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006;8(1):58-66.
  41. Raskin P, Allen E, Hollander P, et al, for the INITIATE Study Group. Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):260-265.
  42. Data on file. Novo Nordisk Inc, Princeton, NJ.
  43. IMS Health Inc. Q3 2005 IMS formulary focus data, interstudy lives. Valid as of December 2006.
  44. Data on file. Novo Nordisk Inc, Princeton, NJ.
  45. Activella® [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk Inc; 2007.
  46. Loose-Mitchell DS, Stancel GM. Estrogens and progestins. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman & Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001:1598.
  47. Rioux JE, Devlin MC, Gelfand MM, Steinberg WM, Hepburn DS. 17β-Estradiol vaginal tablet versus conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream to relieve menopausal atrophic vaginitis. Menopause. 2000;7(3):156-161.
Levemir®, NovoLog®, NovoLog® Mix 70/30, GlucaGen®, and HypoKit® are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk A/S. NovoSeven® and Norditropin® are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk Health Care AG. Activella® 1.0 mg/0.5 mg, Activella® 0.5 mg/0.1 mg, and Vagifem® are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk FemCare AG.